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The 39th G8 summit was held on 17–18 June 2013, at the Lough Erne Resort, a five-star hotel and golf resort on the shore of Lough Erne in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. It was the sixth G8 summit to be held in the United Kingdom. The earlier G8 summits hosted by the United Kingdom were held at London (1977, 1984, 1991), Birmingham (1998) and Gleneagles (2005). The official theme of the summit was tax evasion and transparency. However, the Syrian civil war dominated the discussions. A seven-point plan on Syria was agreed after much debate. Other agreements included a way to automate the sharing of tax information, new rules for mining companies, and a pledge to end payments for kidnap victim releases. The United States and the European Union agreed to begin talks towards a broad trade agreement. ==Overview== The Group of Six (G6), started in 1975, was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. This select few became the Group of Seven (G7) starting in 1976 when Canada joined. The Group of Eight was formed with the addition of Russia in 1997.〔Saunders, Doug. ( "Weight of the world too heavy for G8 shoulders," ) ''Globe and Mail'' (Toronto). 5 July 2008.〕 In addition, the President of the European Commission has been formally included in summits since 1981.〔Reuters: ( "Factbox: The Group of Eight: what is it?" ), 3 July 2008.〕 The summits were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions; and in fact, a mild rebellion against the stiff formality of other international meetings was a part of the genesis of cooperation between France's President Giscard d'Estaing and Germany's Chancellor Helmut Schmidt as they conceived the initial summit of the Group of Six in 1975.〔Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). (''Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations,'' p. 205. )〕 The G8 summits during the twenty-first century have inspired widespread debates, protests and demonstrations; and the two- or three-day event becomes more than the sum of its parts, elevating the participants, the issues and the venue as focal points for activist pressure.〔("Influencing Policy on International Development: G8," ) BOND (British Overseas NGOs for Development). 2008.〕 The current form of the G8 is being evaluated. Some reports attribute resistance to the relatively smaller powers such as the UK, Canada and Japan, who are said to perceive a dilution of their global stature. Alternately, a larger forum for global governance may be more reflective of the present multi-polar world.〔Kumar, Rajiv. ( "Tangible Results of Pittsburgh," ) ''Financial Chronicle.'' 30 September 2009.〕 The forum is in a process of transformation by expanded membership and by other changes.〔Congressional Record Service, R40977: Nelson, Rebecca M. ( "Implications of the transition from G-7 to G20," pp. 22–26. ) ''The G-20 and International Economic Cooperation: Background and Implications for Congress,'' 9 December 2009.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「39th G8 summit」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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